The loose jumper in a mains water stop tap acts as a non return valve as justlead1 said. Backflow prevention devices are best understood when you realise they are there to prevent water back-flowing down the mains water pipe and contaminating the local water supply. How?
Well if you ever go to a job with a suspected underground mains burst on the property, get a clean jug and fill it to the brim with clean drinking water. Then turn the main stopcock off in the street, run in and turn on the sink unit cold tap and stick the nose of the top into the jug of water. What happens is that the water gets sucked out of the jug back down the mains water supply. Its quite spectacular to watch and an old trick to make sure you do have an underground burst on the property.
But imagine instead of clean water you had a garden tap with a hose on it, whose end had been stuck in a puddle of water run off from a garden manure heap, or a shower hose in a bath of dirty clothes water or old style basin taps instead of raised nose keeping the nose higher than the basin spill over level.
The water would be sucked back down the main and possibly come out next time the main was turned on, if it did not drain away through the burst, anyway the main would be lined with liquid manure.
That's why you flush mains after repairs and check ball valves and why you make sure you fit double check valves where the Regs tell you too. I'm talking from the point of having seen it all happen.