1. As others have stated, you can run a non-electric mixer shower off a combi boiler. You cannot run an electric power from a combi for the reason your plumber gave you.
2. You would appear to have three options:
2a. Install an electric shower which heats its own water. Gives you some back up hot water if the boiler is out of action. However, you need to have heavy electrics run to it, and the shower performance is not going to pin you to the wall.
2b. Plumb a mixer shower with the cold coming from the main and the hot directly from the combi's domestic hot water output. Should give good performance and be cheap to run. No combi back up though. If you do go this route, I'd recommend a decent bar mixer such as a Bristan. They are fairly standard and easy to replace without construction activities. You would probably notice a temperature change if someone turns on the kitchen hot tap, and you couldn't run this and another combi fed shower simultaneously.
2c. Install a hot water store of some form. See below.
3. If you want the hot water cylinder in the loft, you are pretty much stuck with having an unvented hot water system.
3a. It can only be installed by a G3 registered person, and requires annual maintenance.
3b. You would need a minimum cold mains water pressure of 1.5 bar and a flow rate of no less than 20 litres per minute. 2 bar and 30 lpm would be better.
3c. You'd have to be sure the joists could take the weight. A 250 litre cylinder weighs over 1/4 tonne when full.
4. You can't heat a cold water storage tank per your post #3. An ordinary (vented) hot water cylinder requires a cold feed from a tank above it, probably not practical in a loft. It also requires the cold water storage cistern to vent excess hot water into.