I'm not a plumber (well I DIY some) but I did design my heating system
The best thing to do is look at the quoted output of the radiator or towel rail in watts. This will usually be quoted at a "delta T 50C" (delta may be written as the greek letter, a triangle).
So the bigger this number, the more heat you'll get out. Towel rails are poor - you'll be looking at 100-200W for a typical size. A finned single panel radiator of the same size will beat it by a significant factor.
My rule of thumb:
if you have some idea how much heat it takes to keep the room warm, look for a radiator quoting 1.5 times as many watts at Delta-T 50C. If you want a cold room to heat up fast, add another 50% or more.
Cheers, Tim
Now - if you want to do actual calculations: (I apologise if this is egg-suckage, but if you're not aware)
"Delta-T 50C" means that when the average radiator temperature will be 50C above the room temperature, the heat output will be X watts.
No one designs to Delta-T 50C any more as the boiler will be running beyond its efficient point for a modern condensing type (where it wants the return to be less than about 55C - a little cooler is even safer/better)
A modern condensing boiler will more likely be running at roughly 60-flow/50-return or 65/55 at best, so your radiator temperature will be average of those, so 55C to 60C. If you're interested in heat output to
maintain the room at 20C, that's a Delta-T or difference of 35C to 40C.
Delta-T 40C gives about 75% of the heat output compared to Delta-T 50C. Delta-T 35C is about 65% (some numbers I found online once).
So if you have some idea how much heat it takes to do the job, look for a radiator quoting 1.5 times as much at Delta-T 50C.